美国建筑师在工程造价和建筑合同中的作用

建筑师在工程造价估算中的作用。

在项目进展的不同阶段估算成本有助于控制预算。这使客户和项目团队在面临更大的预算问题之前保持警惕。建筑师确实在将整个建筑结构从上到下可视化方面发挥了重要作用，这导致了新的想法和设计的出现。这给它们的实施带来了困难，没有工程师的帮助，也不了解施工的实用性。因此，建筑师最大的挑战或责任是不能低估材料成本和施工时间。这一点有助于进行有效的成本估算。建筑师进行的成本估算的范围和细节也取决于所进行的工作的范围。如果客户完全将项目交付给他，工程师稍后或之后才来的地方，则由建筑师执行完整的施工估算。现在，如果架构师只是为了改善正面或美化环境建模和实现，那么他会带来同样的估算成本。

Role of architects in cost estimation of construction project

The estimation of the costs at different stages of the project progress helps in having a control over the budget. This keeps the client and the project team alert before a bigger budget issue is faced. The architects do have an important role in visualizing top to down of the whole building structure, that results in emerging with new ideas and designs. This brings difficulty in their implementation without the help of engineers and without understanding the practicality of construction. Hence, the greatest challenge or the responsibility of the architect is not to underestimate the cost of materials and the construction time. This point helps in

bringing out effective cost estimation. The extent and details of cost estimation conducted by the architect too is dependent on the extent of work carried out.

If the client is completely providing the project over to him, where the engineers comes later or under, the complete construction estimation is performed by the architect. Now, if the architect is placed only for the facade improvement or for landscaping modeling and implementation, he brings a cost of estimation

for the same.

建筑师在建筑合同中的作用。

如果知道整个项目的规模，就有必要了解项目的不同部分，这些部分可以划分并提供给承包商。承包商接管项目，并按照建筑师/工程师的指示，用他们的劳动实施该项目。投标和批出建筑合同可以在建筑师的协助下进行。这有助于客户选择正确的采购形式。这样可以很好地协调整个合同程序。

合同约定活动必须透明、公平。建筑师在建议和选择不同建筑活动的承包商方面扮演着重要角色。建筑师收到标书后，进行投标分析报告。这些结果与客户的预期和预算进行了比较。巨大的建筑需要具有丰富技术知识的人来了解稳定和强度因素。根据需求，建筑师将按照标准规范和规定协调施工活动。建筑师有责任在月底检查实施效果，以检查施工单位是否偷工减料。

Role of architects in construction contracts

If the whole size of the project is known, it is necessary to understand the different sectors of the project that can be divided and provided to the contractors.

Contractors take over the project and implement it with their labors as instructed by the architects/engineers. The bidding of the tender and allowing the

building contract can be carried out with the architect's assistance. This helps the client to choose the correct procurement form. This way the whole contractprocess is well coordinated.

The activity of contract agreement must be transparent and fair. The architects have role in suggesting and choosing the contractors for different activities of

construction.

After receiving the tender, the architect carries out a tender analysis report. These results are compared with client's expectationsand budget. Huge construction

will demand somebody with huge technical knowledge to know about the stabiliy and strength factors. Based on the demand the architect will coordinate the

construction activity as per the standard codes and regulations. The architect has the role of checking the invoices at the month end to check the payment

requested is corresponding to the completed works at the site.